The dog is descended from the wolf and was domesticated over fifteen thousand years ago. Although a pug no longer bears much outward resemblance to its progenitor, the essential physiological characteristics that determine the species, in particular the digestive tract, have remained almost untouched. The dog is a representative of the carnivore order. However, this designation should not be taken literally, as the wolf eats not only meat, but almost all of its prey. This can include worms, insects, fish, mice, small rodents, deer, red deer, lambs, calves and even bison and musk oxen. In addition to protein and fat from the muscle meat, the prey provides important nutrients such as calcium from the skeleton, sodium from the blood, fat-soluble vitamins and trace elements from the organs (especially from the liver and kidneys), water-soluble vitamins from the intestines and intestinal contents, essential fatty acids from the body fat and indigestible components (e.g. fibrous plant material from the intestinal contents), which are essential for good digestion. The wolf is used to large amounts of food and longer periods of hunger, depending on the food supply. However, the wolf is not a strict prey eater, but also consumes plant material such as fruit, grasses, roots, leaves and other waste. Like the dog, it can adapt to different types of food within certain limits. In cohabitation with humans, dogs have increasingly become meat-orientated omnivores. Their metabolism is similar to that of omnivores, but dogs need slightly more protein and calcium than humans.
Analytical constituents: 9% crude protein, 6% crude fat, 0.6% crude fibre, 3% crude ash, 78.7% moisture
60% rabbit (60% muscle meat, 25% heart)
Meat is the skeletal muscle with attached or stored fat, connective tissue and other components. At 25 g per 100 g dry matter, rabbit meat is low in fat. Depending on the fat content of the meat, there is a different energy/protein correlation. Low-fat meat therefore has a relatively higher protein content. The protein content of rabbit meat is 61 g per 100 g dry matter.
The protein in muscle meat has an optimal amino acid composition. The digestibility of meat is approx. 98%. This is somewhat lower in products rich in connective tissue due to the lower enzymatic degradability of collagen. Meat is low in calcium and sodium as well as vitamins A and D. It is highly digestible and contains a lot of vitamin B1.
60% rabbit (5% liver)
Liver contains important trace elements such as iron and copper as well as vitamins A, B12, B2 and biotin. It is high in protein (20%) and low in fat (approx. 5%). Depending on its origin and slaughter conditions, liver contains approx. 2% glycogen. The digestibility is high. There is no risk from harmful residues under local conditions. The regular residue tests show a favourable situation.
60% rabbit (10% lung)
Lung is rich in protein, but is sometimes more difficult to digest due to the high proportion of connective tissue. Digestibility is usually just under 90%. Compared to meat, the protein has a somewhat less favourable amino acid composition and, due to cross-linking of the protein threads in the collagen, also a lower precaecal digestibility.
10 % broth
Vegetables: 10 % courgette, 1% lettuce
If prepared correctly (chopped, cooked), different types of vegetables can also be fed. They may even be necessary in low-fibre rations. Green salad, various types of cabbage, spinach, parsley or chives are rich in fibre (digestibility 40-70%). However, they cannot cover the entire requirement of minerals and vitamins in normal quantities. Fruit: 10% apple, 7% banana, 1% rose hip Fruit is rich in water and fibre and contains water-soluble vitamins. Fresh fruit contains approx. 85% water, pectins, various sugars and numerous vitamins. Bananas are rich in starch and potassium, but low in protein, so are primarily a source of energy.
1% hemp oil
Fats and oils are important in feeding as energy suppliers. Apart from essential fatty acids and possibly fat-soluble vitamins, they contain no other nutrients. They are generally well accepted and tolerated. Oils of vegetable origin usually contain many unsaturated fatty acids. Hemp oil consists mainly of fatty acids and also contains chlorophylls, carotenoids and vitamins. It has a high proportion of linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
1 % minerals (bulk elements)
Calcium is found in small quantities in soft tissue and controls various metabolic processes such as blood clotting and muscle contraction. It is also important for the permeability of blood capillaries.
Phosphorus is a component of nucleic acids, nucleotides, phospholipids (e.g. lecithin) and many proteins. It has a central function in the activation of various substrates in the metabolism (phosphorylation) and for the cellular energy metabolism (formation of energy-rich phosphates, e.g. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or creatine phosphate).
Magnesium is distributed 50% each to soft tissue and skeleton. As a component of numerous enzymes, especially phosphatases, it is indispensable in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. After absorption, which averages around 40 %, magnesium is distributed to the body tissues.
In contrast to potassium, sodium and chloride are mainly localised extracellularly, particularly in the blood. In addition, not inconsiderable amounts of Na (almost 50% of the body's total) are found in the skeleton, while chloride is found in higher concentrations in the skin and stomach.
Potassium
The majority is found intracellularly. Potassium is essential for the regulation of osmotic pressure in the cells, but also for the activity of numerous enzymes involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
Vitamin A, 2,200 IU (international unit)
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble protein. It acts on the epithelia (protection), influences the expression of numerous genes and thus protein synthesis (growth hormone), bone growth, the visual process and is important for the defence against infections of the outer skin and mucous membranes.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 180 IU
Vitamin D3 is fat-soluble and promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine. In combination with parathyroid hormone, renal phosphorus excretion is reduced. Conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol in the skin by UV radiation does not take place in cats and dogs.
Copper as CU-(II)-sulphate pentahydrate, 1.6 mg
Copper is only present in small quantities in the organism. Copper is important as a component of specific enzyme systems, e.g. phenyl oxidases (pigment formation), ferric oxidases (Fe transport and haematopoiesis), cytochrome oxidases (cellular energy metabolism) or lysyl oxidases (structural integrity of the connective tissue components elastin and collagen).
Manganese from manganese (II) oxide, 0.9 mg
The manganese content in the organism is rather low. However, this trace element is essential for the function of various enzymes, e.g. those involved in mucopolysaccharide synthesis or phosphorylation. Zinc from zinc sulphate monohydrate, 15 mg Zinc is mainly found in the skeleton and is a component of numerous metalloenzymes that are essential for the stability of quaternary protein structures and biomembranes. It is also found in many other enzyme systems of carbohydrate, fat and nucleic acid metabolism. Signs of skin loss (parakeratosis), but also disorders of spermatogenesis and collagen synthesis, as well as the desaturation of essential fatty acids and antibody formation in the event of a deficiency, indicate the diverse functions of this element. Pigment granules from zinc-protein complexes in the tapetum lucidum of the retina reflect light and improve twilight vision. Cell growth and proliferation are not possible without zinc, so it is also important for wound healing.
Selenium as sodium selenite, 0.07 mg
Selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase, which inactivates harmful free radicals (peroxides). Together with vitamin E, which inhibits the formation of such radicals, it is essential for the integrity of cell membranes. Our organic complete rabbit food with vegetables and fruit has been specially developed for dogs with nutritional sensitivities. It is free from gluten, cereals and lactose, making it particularly well tolerated and suitable for allergy sufferers and as diet food. All our menus have been compiled by vets and nutritional specialists. The all-natural, organic recipes provide all the vital nutrients your pet needs. In addition to fresh muscle meat, offal and fresh vegetables, fruit and herbs provide important nutrients for a vital and long life. High-quality oils ensure a good balance of fatty acids. The raw materials used for this organic feed come directly from organic farms in Austria and Germany. We attach great importance to the species-appropriate rearing and husbandry of farm animals and strictly reject factory farming and animal testing. Our food is free from unnecessary synthetic attractants, colourings and preservatives, sugar and antibiotics. Our secret ingredient is an extra large portion of love, because love is good for your dog. As the old saying goes, the way to a dog's heart is through its stomach.
Bibliography:
Kamphues, Josef, Supplemente zur Tierernährung, 12th edition, M. & H. Schaper, Hanover, 2014 Zentek, Jürgen, Ernährung des Hundes, 8th edition, Enke, Stuttgart, 2016
Sensitive organic wet food for dogs
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